
Imagine seeing one of these swimming around in a Midwestern lake.
The question of how far up a river a bull shark can live has often brought debate. Although one was found over 2,000 miles up the Amazon in Peru, it is thought that bull sharks cannot survive very far up North American rivers, and they certainly could never be found in the cold rivers and lakes of the Northern tier of states. Or could they?
It is well-known that bull sharks can tolerate fresh water. In fact, their tolerance for fresh water has resulted in taxonomists naming them after the rivers and lakes they frequent. In Southern Africa, the species is called the Zambezi shark.In Australia, it is known as the Fitzroy creek whaler, and in Lake Nicaragua it is called Nicaragua Shark. In all of these cases, it was thought to be an endemic river species. Now, we know them all to be bull sharks.
Several species of true river sharks can be found in Asia and tropical Australia. These are in the genus Glyphis. The most famous is the Ganges shark, which is quite endangered. It is often considered quite dangerous and is blamed for attacks on Hindu pilgrims. However, it is very likely that this species is taking the blame for bull shark attacks.
Now, in North America, the only river shark we have is the bull shark. It is the species that is most likely responsible for the shark attacks that happened at Matawan Creek, New Jersey, in 1916. It is likely that a great white was preying on people on the Jersey Shore at the same time, for a great white was caught in in Raritan Bay with human remains in its stomach. It is also possible that the shark had been feeding on corpses lost at sea. After all, the First World War was raging at the time, and great whites have been known to swim vast distances across the ocean. However, there were shark attacks on the coast during that time period. These could be attributed to a great white, which are known to hunt in the surf.
Because they happened at roughly the same time as the shore attacks, the attacks in Matawan Creek were blamed on the same shark. However, great whites cannot swim up freshwater estuaries. They cannot regulate their salt content in that sort of water, and they die. Bull sharks, however, can swim up fresh water rivers rather easily. Most experts believe the Matawan shark was a bull shark.
Officially, bull sharks have made it up the Mississippi as far as Illinois. In the town of Alton, Illinois, which is above St. Louis, two commercial fisherman caught a bull shark in the river. This shark had been raiding their fish traps, and they decided to catch the culprit once and for all. They set a big trap, one that would catch the biggest muskellunge or pike. They were certainly shocked to find that it was a shark raiding their traps.
Now, there is another interesting story that should be added. Although now official record of it exists, a man was supposedly attacked by a shark in Lake Michigan in 1955. This attack supposedly happened at one of the beaches near Chicago. The shark may have traveled through the Illinois River and then took a trip up the Michigan and Illinois Canal. However, the canal was disused and parts of it had already started falling in. It could have made it up the St. Lawrence Seaway and into the Great Lakes system. How it made it through the locks and dams on the St. Lawrence is a very good question. Further, bull sharks have been found only as far north as Massachusetts. None have been reported in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where they could enter the river and seaway.
This story may be an urban legend.
However, I have found a more recent story that might add some credence to the Lake Michigan shark legend.
In the winter of 2006, sharks were documented in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Yes, you read that correctly. Not only are both of those state quite far from the ocean, they are also known for their less than temperate winters. The Mississippi’s source is in Minnesota, and Minnesota and Wisconsin are the first two states it passes on its way to the Gulf of Mexico.
Our story begins in Minnehaha creek, not far from the city of Minneapolis. There, a ten year-old girl named Laura Zimmerly found three shark’s teeth. She brought the teeth to Minnesota DNR biologist Dan Marais. Marais’s first reaction was that these were fossilized shark teeth. Fossilized shark teeth were not uknown in the Upper Mississippi region. However, two of the teeth were rather obviously not fossils. They looked like they had just fallen from a shark’s jaws.
The two teeth were sent to the fisheries department for further analysis.
The teeth were those of a juvenile bull shark.
Now, that was in the autumn of 2005. The two teeth were interesting, but because they were of a juvenile, no one really got excited about them. The case of the Minnesota shark teeth was classified, and no one made a big deal about it.
Then in Februrary of 2006, a pickup truck went through ice in Lake Pepin. Lake Pepin is a widening of the Mississippi between Wisconsin and Minnesota. It is also a lake with its own lake monster, known as “Pepie.” (Now that first photo looks hoaxed). However, when that truck went through the ice, a real live monster made sought refuge within the vehicle.
Salvage divers reported a shark that had moved into the vehicle. Now, it could have been a sturgeon, so Wisconsin’s DNR sent biologists to go check it out. In about 18 feet of water, the biologists discovered a five foot-long bullshark resting within the truck. It was comatose and near death. The cold water and the lack of trace elements in the Mississippi River water were taking their toll upon the creature. It had sought out the truck as a place of safety.
Now, the story of the Minnehaha shark teeth suddenly became of importance to the authorities. Minnesota’s DNR sent a team of researchers who used electric current to stun the fish of creek. Among the fish that were stuned were two very small bull sharks. These baby sharks were christened “Frankie” and “Lenny” (from the movie Shark Tale). They were sent to the Minnesota Zoo, where they were reacclimatized to salt water.
Now, it is thought that the five-foot in Lake Pepin and these two juveniles in Minnehaha Creek swam up the Mississippi becaus of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. The storms washed large amounts of pollution into the Gulf of Mexico, which killed off lots of prey species for the bull sharks. Bull sharks tend to live very close to shore, and they also tend to live near river mouths. With the temporary extirpation of typical prey species, these sharks swam up the Mississippi. Because the locks and dams were being opened to prevent flooding, the sharks continued to swim up the river until they were very far from their typical range in the Mississippi.
However, the teeth that Laura Zimmerly found were tested for their age. The DNR tested the tannin stains on the teeth. Tannin is the residue from leaves that drop into the river. The longer the teeth were in the creek, the more stain they would have. The teeth were found to have been in the creek for seven years. That means that bull sharks have been occasionally frequenting the Upper Mississippi for a really long time. It also means that bull sharks are coming up these rivers with far more frequency than had previously been assumed.
Minnesota authorities banned swimming and diving in Minnhaha Creek below the famous Minnehaha Falls that summer. No one wanted to be the first Minnesota shark attack victim.
Now, closing down the creek below the falls to swimmers sounds rational, but I have to offer this caveat. The bull sharks of Lake Nicaragua are only able to enter the lake the lake through the San Juan River, which has fast flowing rapids and falls. The sharks were once thought to be trapped in the lake. However, the sharks never seemed to be reproducing in the lake. It was later found that the sharks were jumping the rapids on their way into the lake. I doubt that the bull sharks could jump Minnehaha Falls, but it was also doubted that they could ever make it that far up the Mississippi.
Now, I have not read of any sharks making it up into my neck of the woods. The rivers in my area all drain into the Ohio, which drains into the Mississippi. Bull sharks have been found in the Ohio, but they have not been found outside the Lower Ohio drainage. As far as I know, no sharks have been found in the Upper Ohio or its tributaries. But if a shark could make it to Minnesota, it certainly could make it to West Virginia, and it might be able to survive a little longer in the winter. In fact, if the winter was a very mild, it might be able to survive.
However, if there is going to be a shark in West Virginia, it is more likely to be found in the Potomac drainage system. The Potomac is much closer to a body of salt water (Chesapeake Bay), and the sharks have been seen in the Potomac as far up as Washington, D.C.
Now, things wouldn’t be so bad if bull sharks weren’t known for their very high levels of aggression. In fact, most shark attacks in the world are probably from bull sharks. Bull sharks have very high levels of testosterone. In fact, they have higher levels than bull elephants in musth. These high levels might make them more aggressive than other species. Further, they are typically found only in shallow water near river mouths. Those are the same sorts of areas where people swim and fish.
So bull sharks can turn up just about anywhere. However, I doubt that Minnesotans will be ice-fishing for them any time soon.
And they definitely won’t . Please read this post before leaving ANY comments that call me an idiot. I’m a fibber in this case, not an idiot. Remember, I’ve been reading Montauk Monster conspiracy theories for a week, so I thought I’d try my own hand at some “grade A bull-plop,” as “Mr. X” (Homer Simpson) once said.
High, I live in Minneapolis, MN. I saw the article from a friend. Later after reading it over, at the bottom of the article there was a note that said something along the lines of, “this is an april fools day joke”.
I’m sorry if I’ve fooled anyone, but if you follow the updates it takes you to this:
http://wildlifemysteries.wordpress.com/2009/05/20/bull-shark-bullshite/
I posted that mea culpa the day after I wrote that wonderful piece of malarkey based upon that April Fool’s Joke.
That site, if you look closely, also has some supposed discovering of a Viking ship in Minnesota. Obviously, that’s not real, either.
Again, it’s just me playing around– I thought that was the funniest April Fools stunt ever.
I read that story too as an April Fools joke. The Alton, Illinois bullshrk is the farthest from ocean, verified bullshark. Interesting in that another documentary/reality/entertainment show dipcted Alton. Il as a haunted town.
There will never be a shark that far up the Mississippi again– too many locks and dams.
Wow. Thats facinating man.
And not a word of it is true.
Although I agree with most of the conclusions that a bull shark was probably responsible for the Matawan attacks and a Great White was more than likely responsible for other attacks at Raritan Bay.
What I don’t understand is the author’s comment regarding the possibly that bodies were available for consumption by sharks due to being lost at sea as the first world war was in progress.
The war was fought in Europe so is the author assuming that certain warships floundered in US waters due to reasons not directly attributed to the confict?
regards
Jamie Mcintosh
South Africa
I do agree that it was a bull shark at Matawan Creek.
But I think it was several white sharks along the actual shore.
And you’re right– the one at Raritan Bay could have eaten those bodies virtually anywhere in the North Atlantic. We humans were busy killing each other off in far higher numbers than the sharks were in 1916.
The 1916 Marine attacks in NJ were probably also a Bull Shark. 1969 was an exceptionally hot summer, allowing Bull Sharks to expand their normal range. Great Whites are primarily cold water sharks and not attracted to the tropical conditions that were NJ in the summer of 1916. The Great White that was caught wtih human flessh and bones was a juvinile. Juvinile Great Whites are believed to scavenge rather than predate. The human remains found in the Great White wer probably scavenged dead humans. The Alton Illinois Bull Shark is almost as interesting as the Matewan trajedy. Several of those “paranormal” shows on cable have proposed that ALton, Illinois is a haunted town. That makes a Bull Shark catch all the more interesting.
bullsharks realy do swim up the mississipie
But not that far.
That was a hoax.
They have made up as far as St. Louis. One was caught on the Illinois side not far from St. Louis.
However, they’ve never made up beyond that.
LMAO, ha that was good!! I just got done watchin’ MonsterQuest, (the one in which they are lookin’ for sharks in freshwater), so I’ve been googling all night about sharks. You really had me goin’, that was great. =)
That was a good read. The link to the story about sharks in the Potomac River, is that a true story? I live in Northern Virginia and frequently go boating and swimming in the river. I have had my suspicions on wheter or not sharks could indeed be able to venture that far up the river. Past the 301 bridge the salinity in the water rises a good deal, enough to notice if your swimming in the water.
You had the Superstar Morning Show on KFAN going this morning. Great bluff.
there was a bull shark pulled from A northern estuary of the Mississippi about 2 summers ago. also a bull shark was pulled from the Ohio river not to far from Cincinnati. there have always been claim of monstrous catfish peeling 300 yards of line off reel in the Ohio river. Ive cought a couple small bull sharks in florida and i use the exact same rig for for catfish `150lb line and steel braided leader.
Just so everyone is aware, bull sharks have been seen in the Great Lakes. There was an alleged attack in Lake Michigan back in 1955 and there have been bull sharks found in Lake Erie. There are also Greenland Sharks in the Quebec area (about 400km North of Quebec City) and they started out in the frigid waters under the ice near the polar ice caps. They’ve been alive now for almost a millennium, but have only been documented over the last 7 years.
Jokes on you. Check out the 9/3/2010 Washington Post.
Cue the ‘Jaws’ theme: Fishermen are catching 8-foot sharks in the Potomac River
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/09/02/AR2010090203794.html?wprss=rss_metro/va
I bet the sharks have always been in our rivers. We probably have had not much awareness of their presence because the sharks have had plenty of its source of food.